In a significant move to bolster onboard security and improve incident response capabilities, the Directorate General of Shipping (DG Shipping), Government of India, has mandated the installation of Closed-Circuit Television (CCTV) systems on Indian-flagged merchant vessels and foreign-flagged vessels operating under a Specific Period License (SPL) in Indian waters.

Why CCTV Systems Are Essential
Recent maritime incidents, including personnel disappearances, potential suicides, collisions, and other security concerns, have underscored the need for enhanced surveillance aboard vessels. The absence of timely and accurate information has often hampered Search and Rescue (SAR) operations. CCTV systems provide continuous monitoring, aiding in incident investigations and improving response efficiency during emergencies.

Key Requirements of the DG Shipping Circular
1. Mandatory Installation Timelines
Indian-Flagged Vessels: All Indian-flagged vessels exceeding 500 gross tonnage (GT) must install CCTV systems within 36 months from the date of the notice (February 12, 2025) or by their next renewal survey, whichever occurs first.
Foreign-Flagged Vessels under SPL: These vessels must comply within 36 months from the date of the notice or by their next renewal survey, whichever occurs first.
New Constructions: All newly constructed Indian-flagged vessels must have CCTV systems installed prior to delivery.

2. Technical Specifications
The CCTV systems must meet the following criteria:
Resolution: Minimum 1080p Full HD with at least 30 frames per second.
Ingress Protection Rating: IP66 or higher for cameras installed on open decks.
Storage Capacity: At least 14 days of continuous recording.
Integration: Seamless integration with the vessel's IT infrastructure and adherence to cyber risk management protocols.

3. Camera Placement Recommendations
The circular provides guidelines on optimal camera placement to ensure comprehensive coverage:
Main Decks (Port and Starboard): One camera on each side.
Forecastle, Mooring, and Stern Areas: One camera in each area.
Navigation Bridge: One camera, with optional technology for incident analysis.
Citadel: One camera inside and one outside.
Accommodation Exteriors and Lifeboat Decks: One camera in each area, depending on vessel size.

4. Data Access and Privacy
Access to CCTV footage is restricted to authorized personnel:
Authorized Access: The Directorate General of Shipping, authorized shore-based facilities, and casualty investigators.
Privacy Considerations: Signage must be displayed in common areas to inform crew and visitors about surveillance, ensuring compliance with privacy regulations.

Implementation Considerations
Shipowners and operators are advised to conduct a thorough assessment to design a vessel-specific CCTV system. This assessment should focus on vulnerabilities, optimal camera placement, and coverage of critical areas such as ship-side railings, common spaces, and isolated locations. For tankers, the system must comply with safety standards for hazardous zones.

Installation should be carried out by qualified technicians to ensure compliance with safety standards and to avoid compromising the vessel's structural integrity. The equipment should be capable of being isolated in areas where recording is not permitted due to local regulations or military sensitivities.

Conclusion
The mandatory installation of CCTV systems on ships is a proactive step towards enhancing maritime safety and security. By providing continuous monitoring and aiding in incident investigations, CCTV systems play a crucial role in safeguarding the well-being of seafarers and ensuring the integrity of maritime operations. Shipowners and operators must adhere to the guidelines set forth by the Directorate General of Shipping to comply with this mandate and contribute to a safer maritime environment.

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